Research Area B looks at the earliest biological mechanisms that indicate the change from a healthy to a pre-disease state. By analyzing molecular and cellular changes that occur before clinical symptoms appear, this field aims to identify the critical turning points where resilience gives way to disease vulnerability. Using integrative modeling, single-cell and spatial omics, and longitudinal profiling, researchers want to determine the pathways that determine whether the immune system retains or loses control over tissue homeostasis and healing. These findings will serve as the foundation for early detection and preventive intervention strategies.